菏泽冬季日光温室内最低气温预测方法的对比研究     

李瑞英  任崇勇 《气象科学》2016,36(5):697-702

利用2012/2013年冬季菏泽巨野日光温室内外的逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、日照时数和最大风速等气象观测资料,采用相关分析法确定了影响温室内最低气温的关键气象因子,采用逐步回归法和主成分分析法分别建立温室内最低气温预报模型,并用2013/2014年冬季的气象数据检验评价两种预报模型的差异。结果表明:(1)温室内最低气温与当天温室内外及前1 d温室内外的气温、相对湿度、日照时数等相关性比较显著。(2)两种方法建立的预报模型均通过了α=0.01的显著性检验,逐步回归法所建预报模型得到的整个冬季预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.82,平均绝对误差仅为0.9℃,平均相对误差仅为9%;而主成分分析法所建的预报模型得到的整个冬季预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.58,平均绝对误差为1.8℃,平均相对误差为15%。由此表明,用逐步回归法所建的温室内最低气温预报模型的准确度高于主成分分析法,可满足预测冬季温室内最低气温的业务需求。  相似文献   

土的电阻率室内测试技术研究   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27  

刘松玉  查甫生  于小军 《工程地质学报》2006,14(2):216-222

土的电阻率可反映土的组成和结构特征。室内测试是研究土电阻率的主要方法之一。本文在分析影响电阻率因素的基础上,总结了国内外现有土电阻率测试的原理与方法,介绍了作者研制的一种实用土电阻率测试仪,并通过典型试验,论证了该测试仪器的可行性,可以在室内土电阻率测试试验中应用。  相似文献   

基于误差检验的稳定流抽水试验可靠性研究     

肖有才  卫国祥 《地质与勘探》2006,42(3):100-102

水文地质参数取值的不确定性是影响地下水稳定流理论发展和技术应用的最大障碍,基于误差可靠性分析的评价体系的建立,则不仅大大地提高了水文地质参数的准确性,而且还规范了抽水试验的技术方法,进而使地下水稳定流理论得以完善.  相似文献   

山西大同雁门关测震台误码原因试验研究及解决措施     

薛志文 《山西地震》2006,(4):27-32

通过对山西大同雁门关测震台信道特征及误码特征的分析,提出误码产生原因及改善信道的总体思路和试验方法。并对改进后的系统运行情况进行对比分析,发现,雁门关测震台的信道误码减少了。而且同样的改进措施对其他台也有效果,提高了台网系统运行率和地震数据的利用率。  相似文献   

Copepod distribution as an indicator of epikarst system connectivity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tanja Pipan  David C. Culver 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):817-822

The distribution of 27 copepod species was determined in 35 drips in four Slovenian caves (Dimnice, Postojna Planina Cave System, Škocjanske Jame, Županova Jama), and of ten species from 13 drips in one US cave (Organ Cave, West Virginia). The dripping water comes from epikarst, the skin of karst. A significant fraction of the copepod species found (nine species in Slovenia and three in West Virginia) occurred over a maximum linear extent of 100 m. These and other localized distributions probably resulted from colonization of epikarst by an ancestral surface population in a single location, with subsequent lateral spread in the direction of epikarst flow. This suggests that the distribution of copepods could potentially be used to trace major flow paths in epikarst without the need for the injection of dyes or other tracers.

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Résumé La distribution de 27 espèces de copépodes a été déterminée dans 35 zones de percolation de quatre grottes slovènes (Dimnice, système de grottes Postojna Planina, Škocjanske Jame, Županova Jama) et grace à dix espèces de 13 zones de percolation d’une grotte des Etats-Unis (Grotte Organ, Ouest de la Virginie). L’eau de percolation provient de l’épikarst, la partie supérieure du karst. Une fraction importante des espèces de copépodes trouvées (9 espèces en Slovénie et 3 dans l’Ouest de la Virginie) s’étendait sur une longueur maximum de 100 m. Ces dernières ainsi que d’autres distributions localisées étaient probablement issues de la colonisation par une population ancienne de surface, de zones localisées de l’épikarst, puis par une dispersion latérale dans la direction de l’écoulement dans l’épikarst. Ceci suggère que la distribution des copépodes pourrait potentiellement être utilisée pour identifier les principales trajectoires d’écoulement dans l’épikarst, sans utiliser l’injection de colorants ou d’autres traceurs.

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Resumen Se determina la distribución de 27 especies de copépodo en 35 gotas de cuatro cavernas de Eslovenia (Dimnice, Sistema de Caverna Planina Postojna, Jame Škocjanske, y Jama Županova), y de diez especies en 13 gotas de una caverna de Estados Unidos (Caverna órgano, Virginia Occidental). El agua que gotea se deriva del epikarst, la piel del karst. Una fracción significativa de las especies de copépodos encontradas (9 especies en Eslovenia y 3 en Virginia Occidental) se presentaron en una extensión linear máxima de 100 m. Estas y otras distribuciones localizadas resultaron probablemente de colonización del epikarst por poblaciones superficiales ancestrales en una sola localización, con una expansión lateral subsiguiente en la dirección de flujo epikárstico. Esto sugiere que la distribución de copépodos podría tener un uso potencial para trazar rutas de flujo principales en epikarst sin tener la necesidad de inyectar colorantes u otros trazadores.

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Field characterization of vertical bromide transport in a fractured glacial till     

William G. Harrar  Lawrence C. Murdoch  Bertel Nilsson  Knud Erik S. Klint 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(8):1473-1488

A study of the fracture distribution, hydraulic properties, groundwater levels and the transport of bromide was conducted to characterize vertical transport in the oxidized and reduced zones of a fractured glacial till. Detailed vertical profiles of groundwater levels and solute concentrations were obtained over a 4.5-year period. Vertical migration occurred at several time scales, as a low concentration front was rapidly transported at rates of 100–500 m/year ahead of a slower moving main plume, which advanced at rates of 0.2–0.8 m/year. Concentrations in the leading edge of the plume displayed a high degree of spatial variability over short vertical distances through day 1,000. Late in the test, the influence of matrix diffusion became apparent as concentration patterns developed from being irregular to more uniform distributions. Calculations show that the mass within the low concentration plume front accounts for less than 1% of the total solute mass. Simulation of the breakthrough curves using a simple one-dimensional advection-dispersion model of transport in porous media indicates that vertical transport is dominated by advection. Furthermore, the results indicate that vertical transport of solutes in oxidized and reduced zones of the till can be adequately simulated using an equivalent porous media.  相似文献   

现代板块运动驱动地幔块体置换度及地幔混合的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

傅容珊  韩力波  黄建华  单斌  刘军 《地球物理学报》2007,50(5):1409-1417

定义了描述地幔混合程度的新的统计学量度——地幔块体对流置换度和对流混合扩散度.地幔块体对流置换度等于至少被置换一次的块体数与地幔总块体数之比，对流混合扩散度等于示踪元初始体密度与示踪元终体密度之比.本研究假设地幔对流是稳定的，上地幔和下地幔的黏滞性存在差异，其驱动力为板块运动或地幔中密度异常分布.实验中地幔被划分为20736 个块体（5°×5°×300 km），2376个示踪元被放置在地幔顶部100 km深度或底部100 km高度的5°×5°的网格点上.模型计算表明， 地幔块体对流置换度随运转时间变化.就全地幔而言，在系统运行四十亿年后，大多数模型对应的块体对流置换度均超过80%，而上地幔块体置换度则达到90%.这预示大多数的地幔块体将被来自其他位置的块体所取代.对于放置在地幔顶部或底部，浓缩于很小空间10°×10°(间距0.25°) 中的两组1681个示踪元而言，尽管其对流混合扩散度在开始有较大的差异，但是在运行一段时间之后，此两组对应的对流混合扩散度均趋于常数，示踪元比较均匀地分布于全地幔之中.由以上的结果可以推断，在经历了四十五亿年的演化过程后，由于对流的作用使地幔基本上已经均匀混合，地幔中不大可能存在尺度大于5°×5°×300 km的异常块体.  相似文献   

Tracer tests, hydrochemical and microbiological investigations as a basis for groundwater protection in a remote tropical mountainous karst area, Vietnam   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Vu Thi Minh Nguyet  Nico Goldscheider 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1147-1159

The Tam Duong karst area in NW Vietnam is among the poorest and remotest regions in the country. The local population largely depends on water from two main karst springs. Due to agricultural activity and untreated domestic wastewaters, the spring water is often microbiologically contaminated. In order to provide a scientific basis for groundwater protection in the area, different field methods have been applied including hydrogeological framework investigations, tracer tests, and hydrochemical and microbiological sampling and analyses. All methods had to be adapted to the conditions of a poor and remote area. These adaptations included, amongst other measures, the use of a portable microbiological water_testing kit and the involvement of the local population in the sampling campaign. The tracer tests showed simple and direct connections between two important swallow holes and the two main springs, and made it possible to determine the linear groundwater flow velocities, which are extremely high (up to 875 m/h). The hydrochemical and microbiological data confirmed the strong impact of the streams sinking into the swallow holes on the spring water quality. Future groundwater source protection strategies should consequently focus on the reduction of polluting activities near the sinking streams and within their catchment areas.  相似文献   

用土壤溶液提取器采集土壤溶液方法与效果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈宝颜朝阳  范迪富黄顺生 《江苏地质》2004,28(3):151-154

土壤溶液已成为土壤、植物营养、生态环境等学科的重要研究内容，如何有效提取土壤溶液已成为一个重要的技术问题。目前国内采用的土壤溶液采集方法大多处于试验阶段，利用陶土头土壤溶液提取器采集土壤溶液是比较常用的方法之一。就南京周边及南通地区利用陶土头土壤溶液提取器开展土壤溶液系统采样试验的结果，总结了土壤类型、地貌等自然因素对试验效果的影响，为提取土壤溶液提供了可靠的方法技术。  相似文献   

Coagulation Efficiency and Residual Aluminum Content of Polyaluminum Silicate Chloride in Water Treatment     

Baoyu Gao  Qinyan Yue  Bingjian Wang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(2):125-130

A series of polyaluminum silicate chlorides (PASC), which have different OH^—/Al and Al/Si molar ratios, has been prepared by a copolymerization technique and a composite technique, after which the coagulation efficiency and the residual aluminum content of PASC for water treatment were compared with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) by jar test. The experimental results show that PASC has better coagulation efficiency and lower residual aluminum content than PAC, and the PASC prepared by the copolymerization technique gives a better coagulating effect than that prepared by the composite technique. In addition, the OH^—/Al and Al/Si molar ratios have some effect on the coagulation effect and residual aluminum content of PASC in treated water. With increasing OH^—/Al molar ratio and decreasing Al/Si molar ratio, the residual turbidity and residual aluminum content in treated water diminishes. The pH of the water sample also affects the residual aluminum content of the water and there is a lower residual aluminum content in the neutral pH range.  相似文献